
Cost Analysis and Estimating for Engineering and Management
by Ostwald, Phillip F.; McLaren, Timothy S., Ph.D.-
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Summary
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xv |
Importance | p. 1 |
Engineering and Design | p. 1 |
Economic Evaluation | p. 7 |
Who Uses Economic Evaluation? | p. 8 |
Reasons for Economic Evaluation | p. 9 |
Strategies for the Enterprise | p. 10 |
Traditional Business | p. 13 |
High-Tech Business | p. 13 |
Information | p. 15 |
Domestic and International Business | p. 16 |
International System of Units | p. 19 |
A Look at the Book | p. 21 |
Summary | p. 23 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 24 |
Problems | p. 24 |
Challenge Problems | p. 26 |
Practical Application | p. 27 |
Case Study: Professor Jairo Munoz | p. 28 |
Labor Analysis | p. 29 |
Background | p. 29 |
The Mythical Man-Hour | p. 36 |
Time | p. 36 |
Ergonomics | p. 37 |
Fundamentals of Time Study | p. 37 |
Fundamentals of Work Sampling | p. 46 |
Labor-Hour Reports | p. 52 |
Other Methods for Determining Time | p. 54 |
Wage and Fringe Rates | p. 57 |
Wage-Only Method | p. 59 |
Gross Hourly Cost | p. 60 |
Joint Labor Cost (Optional) | p. 64 |
Learning | p. 66 |
Summary | p. 67 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 67 |
Problems | p. 68 |
Challenge Problems | p. 74 |
Practical Application | p. 75 |
Case Study: The Endicott Iron Foundry | p. 76 |
Material Analysis | p. 77 |
Background | p. 77 |
Material | p. 80 |
Shape | p. 83 |
Cost | p. 92 |
Material Cost Policies | p. 93 |
Specification | p. 93 |
Policies for Evaluating Commodity Materials | p. 96 |
Policies for Evaluating Contractual Materials | p. 96 |
Policies for Evaluating Material from Inventory | p. 97 |
Joint Material Cost (Optional) | p. 103 |
Summary | p. 108 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 109 |
Problems | p. 110 |
Challenge Problems | p. 116 |
Practical Application | p. 121 |
Case Study: Design for Runner System | p. 121 |
Accounting Analysis | p. 123 |
Business Transactions | p. 124 |
Conventions | p. 125 |
Chart of Accounts | p. 129 |
Structure of Accounts | p. 131 |
Understanding the Balance-Sheet Statement | p. 135 |
Understanding the Profit-and-Loss Statement | p. 136 |
Depreciation | p. 138 |
Background | p. 139 |
Purpose of Depreciation | p. 140 |
Property Classification for Depreciation Methods | p. 140 |
Methods of Calculating Annual Depreciation Amount | p. 141 |
Budgeting | p. 149 |
Types of Budgets and Relating Cost Accounts | p. 149 |
Budgets for Overhead Calculation | p. 151 |
Overhead | p. 154 |
Importance | p. 155 |
Traditional Methods | p. 155 |
Allocation Methods | p. 156 |
Methods of Direct Labor Hours and Dollars | p. 158 |
Productive Hour Cost Rate Principles | p. 160 |
Activity-Based Costing Principles | p. 163 |
Job and Process Accounting and Variance Procedures (Optional) | p. 164 |
Summary | p. 169 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 169 |
Problems | p. 170 |
Challenge Problems | p. 177 |
Practical Application | p. 180 |
Case Study: Machine Shop | p. 180 |
Forecasting | p. 185 |
Graphic Analysis of Facts | p. 185 |
Least-Squares and Regression (Optional) | p. 193 |
Least-Squares | p. 193 |
Confidence Limits for Average Values and Prediction Limits for Individual Values | p. 196 |
Curvilinear Regression and Transformation | p. 201 |
Correlation | p. 205 |
Multiple Linear Regression | p. 207 |
Time-Series Models (Optional) | p. 210 |
Cost Indexes | p. 215 |
Calculation, Interpretation, and Unintended Consequences | p. 221 |
Summary | p. 223 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 223 |
Problems | p. 224 |
Challenge Problems | p. 232 |
Practical Application | p. 235 |
Case Study: Forecasting Production Quantity and Budget Requirements for a Gas Engine | p. 235 |
Estimating Methods | p. 239 |
Estimating for the Enterprise | p. 239 |
Universal Methods | p. 242 |
Opinion | p. 242 |
Conference | p. 242 |
Comparison | p. 243 |
Unit | p. 245 |
Operation Methods | p. 247 |
Cost- and Time-Estimating Relationships | p. 247 |
Performance Time Data Algorithm | p. 249 |
Product Methods | p. 256 |
Learning | p. 256 |
Project Methods | p. 262 |
Power-Law-and-Sizing CERs | p. 262 |
Other CERs (Optional) | p. 264 |
Factor Method | p. 266 |
Advanced Approaches (Optional) | p. 273 |
Expected Value | p. 273 |
Range | p. 276 |
Percentile | p. 279 |
Monte Carlo Simulation | p. 281 |
Single-Value or Probability-Distribution Comparisons? | p. 284 |
Summary | p. 285 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 286 |
Problems | p. 287 |
Challenge Problems | p. 293 |
Practical Application | p. 296 |
Case Study: Industrial Process Plant Project Cost | p. 296 |
Operation Estimating | p. 297 |
Background | p. 298 |
Manufacturing: What It Is, What It Does, and What It Is Not | p. 300 |
Classic Operations Analysis (Option 1) | p. 304 |
Contemporary Operations Analysis (Option 2) | p. 312 |
Pinion Operation 10 | p. 320 |
Length of Cut Calculation | p. 321 |
Pinion Operation 20 | p. 323 |
Pinion Operation 30 | p. 324 |
Pinion Operation 40 | p. 327 |
Tool Cost | p. 329 |
Operation Cost | p. 334 |
Batch Manufacturing | p. 334 |
Flow-Line Manufacturing (Optional) | p. 335 |
Summary | p. 340 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 340 |
Problems | p. 341 |
Challenge Problems | p. 345 |
Practical Application | p. 349 |
Case Study: Estimating a Stainless-Steel Part | p. 349 |
Product Estimating | p. 351 |
Background | p. 351 |
Estimating Engineering Costs | p. 356 |
Information Required for Product Estimating | p. 358 |
Bill of Material (BOM) | p. 359 |
The Product Estimate | p. 361 |
Productive Hour Cost Model | p. 362 |
Activity-Based Costing Model (Optional) | p. 365 |
Learning Model (Optional) | p. 368 |
Extensions for Learning Model (Optional) | p. 371 |
Follow-On Production | p. 371 |
Engineering Change Order | p. 374 |
Break-Even Analysis | p. 377 |
Pricing Principles | p. 378 |
Opinion, Conference, and Comparison | p. 380 |
Markup on Cost | p. 380 |
Contribution | p. 382 |
Price-Estimating Relationships | p. 382 |
Basic Contract Types (Optional) | p. 384 |
Fixed-Price Arrangements | p. 385 |
Cost-Reimbursable Arrangements | p. 386 |
Benchmarking and Competitive Analysis | p. 387 |
Trends in Product Cost Estimating (Optional) | p. 394 |
Designing, Estimating, and Producing in a Global Economy | p. 394 |
Summary | p. 395 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 396 |
Problems | p. 397 |
Challenge Problems | p. 402 |
Practical Application | p. 405 |
Case Study: Unijunction Electronic Metronome | p. 406 |
Cost Analysis | p. 409 |
First Principles for Tradeoff Studies | p. 409 |
Cash Flow | p. 413 |
Taxation Effects on Cash Flow | p. 414 |
Inflation or Deflation Effects on Cash Flow | p. 416 |
Break-Even Models | p. 420 |
Linear Cost Case | p. 422 |
Semifixed Cost Case (Optional) | p. 426 |
Nonlinear Cost Case | p. 428 |
Life Cycle Cost (Optional) | p. 438 |
Summary | p. 444 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 445 |
Problems | p. 445 |
Challenge Problems | p. 452 |
Practical Application | p. 454 |
Case Study: Optimal Injection-Molding Tool Cost | p. 454 |
Engineering Economy | p. 457 |
Importance | p. 457 |
Average Annual Rate-of-Return Methods | p. 459 |
Payback-Period Method | p. 460 |
Time-Value-of-Money Methods | p. 462 |
Net-Present-Worth Method | p. 464 |
Net-Future-Worth Method | p. 465 |
Net-Equivalent-Annual-Worth Method | p. 465 |
Rate-of-Return Method | p. 466 |
Comparison of Methods | p. 468 |
Standard Approaches to Engineering-Economy Methods | p. 469 |
Advanced Applications (Optional) | p. 471 |
Contexts of "Interest" in Engineering Economy | p. 471 |
Minimum Attractive Rate of Return | p. 474 |
Comparison of Alternatives | p. 474 |
Replacement | p. 479 |
Taxation Effects of Engineering Projects | p. 484 |
Summary | p. 489 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 490 |
Problems | p. 490 |
Challenge Problems | p. 499 |
Practical Application | p. 500 |
Case Study: Seasonal Production | p. 500 |
The Enterprise, Entrepreneurship, and Imaginamachina | p. 503 |
The Enterprise | p. 504 |
Entrepreneurship | p. 505 |
Inventors and Innovators | p. 506 |
Designing for Profit | p. 508 |
Designing for Manufacture | p. 511 |
Self-Manufacture or Purchase? | p. 513 |
Enterprise Planning | p. 516 |
Assessment and Due Diligence | p. 522 |
Financing and Enterprise Funding (Optional) | p. 523 |
Raising Money | p. 523 |
Stock | p. 524 |
Debt | p. 527 |
Bonds | p. 528 |
Alliances | p. 532 |
Offering | p. 533 |
Legal Reminders (Optional) | p. 534 |
Ethics and Engineering | p. 535 |
Summary | p. 536 |
Questions for Discussion | p. 536 |
Problems | p. 537 |
Challenge Problems | p. 541 |
Practical Application | p. 545 |
Case Study: Round Plate Inc. | p. 545 |
Values of the Standard Normal Distribution Function | p. 549 |
Values of the Student t Distribution | p. 550 |
10% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Interest | p. 551 |
20% Interest Factors for Annual Compounding Interest | p. 552 |
Values of Learning Theory | p. 553 |
Selected Answers | p. 555 |
Bibliography | p. 561 |
Index | p. 563 |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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