Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice,9780131137776

Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice

by
Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780131137776
ISBN10: 0131137778
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-07-28
Publisher(s): SCHOLG
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Summary

KEY BENEFIT: The bookrs"s unique approach promotes a vision for law enforcement and other justice system personnel that integrates essential critical thinking, problem-solving, and communications skill development with the need to deploy ethical practitioners and peacekeepers that demonstrate leadership capabilities.KEY TOPICS: The bookrs"s content is balanced, current, and well organized. It presents a global and detailed view of law enforcement and criminal justice philosophies, operations, tactics, strategies, and processes.MARKET: For law enforcement and criminal justice professionals.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
About the Author xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
Overview of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
1(35)
Learning Objectives
1(1)
Key Terms
1(1)
The Criminal Justice System
2(2)
Case Study--The Criminal Justice System
4(1)
A Brief History of Policing
5(9)
The Pre-Public Police Period
5(1)
The Political Period
6(4)
The Reform Period
10(3)
The Community Policing Period
13(1)
Jurisdiction of Law Enforcement Agencies
14(3)
Federal Law Enforcement Agencies
15(1)
State, County, and Municipal Law Enforcement Agencies
16(1)
Roles and Organization of the Police
17(3)
Critical Issues in Policing
20(13)
Urban Decay
20(1)
Officer Safety and Survival
20(1)
The Psychological Dynamics of Police Work
21(1)
Discretionary Enforcement
21(1)
Use of Excessive Force
22(1)
Police Corruption
23(1)
Violation of Rights
23(1)
Civil Liability
24(1)
Domestic Violence
25(1)
Limited Resources
25(1)
Relations with Private Security
26(1)
Training Methods and Content
27(1)
The Police Public Image
28(1)
Politics and the Police
29(1)
Diversity Issues
29(3)
Terrorism
32(1)
Case Study--Terrorism, Law Enforcement, and the Justice System
33(1)
Summary
34(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
35(1)
Criminal Law and Crime Control
36(38)
Learning Objectives
36(1)
Key Terms
37(1)
Introduction
37(1)
Case Study--Analyzing Crime Rates
38(1)
The Nature and Rule of Law
38(1)
Causes of Crime
39(2)
Types of Crime
41(1)
Crime Statistics and Trends
42(2)
Overview of Criminal Law
44(2)
Parties to a Crime
46(1)
Defenses to (Justification for) Crime
47(2)
Specific Criminal Offenses
49(6)
Preliminary (Preparatory) Offenses
49(1)
Offenses Against Property
49(1)
Offenses Against Persons
50(2)
Obstruction of Justice Offenses
52(1)
Offenses Against the Public Peace
52(1)
Offenses Against Children
53(1)
Sex Offenses
53(1)
Controlled Substance Offenses
53
Liquor Law Offenses
4(50)
Driving Under the Influence Offenses
54(1)
Weapons Offenses
54(1)
Public Safety and Morals Offenses
55(1)
Laws of Arrest
55(1)
Use of Force
56(1)
Response Techniques
56(10)
Disturbing the Public Peace Calls
57(1)
Prowler Calls
58(1)
Substance Abuse Calls
58(3)
Public Safety and Morals Offense Calls
61(1)
Theft Offense Calls
62(1)
Vehicle Theft Calls
62(1)
Burglary Calls
63(1)
Vandalism Calls
63(1)
Assault and Battery Calls
63(1)
Domestic Violence Calls
64(1)
Robbery Calls
65(1)
Sex Offense Cases
65(1)
Homicide Cases
65(1)
Case Study--Domestic Batterer Intervention Programs
66(1)
Arrest and Control of Prisoners
66(5)
Working with Crime Victims
71(1)
Summary
72(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
72(2)
Professionalism, Ethics, and Leadership
74(33)
Learning Objectives
74(1)
Key Terms
74(1)
Introduction
75(1)
Law Enforcement as a Profession
75(1)
Case Study--The Dirty Harry Syndrome
76(2)
Ethics and Professional Conduct
78(6)
Law Enforcement Codes of Ethics and Conduct
84(3)
Prevention and Correction of Unethical Conduct
87(4)
Role of Citizen Oversight
89(1)
Role of Police Unions
89(1)
Role of the Police Subculture
90(1)
Concepts of Leadership
91(7)
Leadership Is Not Management
92(1)
Theoretical Foundation for Leadership
93(2)
Leadership Competencies
95(1)
Contemporary Views on Leadership Competencies
96(2)
Leadership in Policing
98(6)
Introduction
98(2)
Research Regarding Police Leadership
100(2)
Essential Police Leadership Competencies
102(2)
Case Study--A Leadership Scenario
104(1)
Summary
105(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
105(2)
Communications
107(30)
Learning Objectives
107(1)
Key Terms
107(1)
Introduction
108(4)
Case Study--Cross-Cultural Communication
112(1)
Speech and Interpersonal Communication
112(5)
One-on-One Conversations
113(1)
Telephone Communications
114(1)
Answering Machines and Voice Mail
114(1)
Meetings
115(1)
Working in Teams and Task Forces
115(1)
Public Speaking
116(1)
Special Challenges in Communications
117(1)
Cross-Cultural Communication
117(4)
Managing Communication Conflict
121(1)
Tactical Communication
122(1)
Note Taking and Report Writing
123(7)
Methods for Documentation
125(1)
Field Notes
125(1)
Reports
126(1)
Report Types
127(1)
General Report Writing Principles
127(3)
Radio Operations
130(5)
Case Study--Poor Communication Causes Death
135(1)
Summary
135(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
135(2)
Community Policing: Philosophy and Strategy
137(29)
Learning Objectives
137(1)
Key Terms
137(1)
Introduction
138(2)
Case Study--Community Policing: Dead or Alive?
140(1)
The Principles of Policing
140(3)
Community Policing Defined
143(8)
What Community Policing Is Not
145(1)
What Community Policing Is
146(5)
New Police Officer Competencies
151(1)
Framework for Community Policing
152(4)
Role of the Community
152(3)
Role of the Police
155(1)
Working with Diversity
156(1)
Building Community Partnerships
157(4)
Community Policing in Action
161(3)
Case Study--Chicago's CAPS Program
164(1)
Summary
165(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
165(1)
Community Policing: Problem Solving
166(28)
Learning Objectives
166(1)
Key Terms
166(1)
Introduction
167(1)
Case Study--Addressing Crime and Disorder
168(1)
Problem-Solving Techniques
169(3)
The SARA Problem-Solving Model
172(7)
Scanning
172(1)
Analysis
173(2)
Response
175(1)
Assessment
176(3)
Problem Solving in Groups
179(2)
Problem Solving Through Group Consensus
181(1)
Community Mapping
181(4)
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
185(4)
Overview
185(2)
CPTED Concepts and Strategies
187(2)
CPTED Applications
189(1)
Barriers to Problem Solving
189(2)
Case Study--Crime Analysis: State of the Art?
191(2)
Summary
193(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
193(1)
Career Preparation
194(33)
Learning Objectives
194(1)
Key Terms
194(1)
Introduction
195(1)
Case Study--Perishable Police Skills
195(1)
Police Officer Skills and Qualities
195(3)
Recruitment, Selection, Promotion, and Retention
198(3)
Attitude and Personal Performance
201(1)
Training and Education
202(5)
Preparation for Patrol
207(2)
Work Schedules
207(1)
Pre-Patrol Information
208(1)
Personal Supplies and Equipment
208(1)
Officer Survival
209(3)
Weaponless Defense
212(1)
Weapons
213(3)
Less Lethal Weapons
213(2)
Lethal Weapons
215(1)
Use of Force Policy
216(3)
Case Study--Police Use of Force
219(1)
The Police Career and Personal Life
219(1)
Stress Management
220(3)
Lifetime Fitness
223(2)
Public Safety Officers' Bill of Rights
225(1)
Summary
225(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
226(1)
General Police Operations
227(34)
Learning Objectives
227(1)
Key Terms
228(1)
Introduction
228(1)
Case Study--High-Speed Police Pursuits
229(1)
Types of Patrol
229(6)
Foot Patrol
229(1)
Vehicular Patrol
229(1)
Bicycle Patrol
230(1)
Mounted Horse Patrol
231(1)
Motorcycle Patrol
231(1)
Air Patrol
231(2)
Marine Patrol
233(1)
K-9 Patrol
233(1)
Specialized Patrol Activities
234(1)
Reserve Police Officers
234(1)
Closed-Circuit Television and Cameras
235(1)
Patrol Equipment
235(1)
Communications Systems and Equipment
235(2)
History
235(1)
Dispatch Systems
236(1)
Vehicle Operations
237(1)
Patrol Techniques
238(3)
Field Interviews
241(1)
Traffic Management
242(2)
Radar Use
244(1)
Driving Under the Influence Cases
244(1)
Collision Response
245(1)
Pedestrian Stops and Investigations
246(1)
Foot Pursuits
247(1)
Vehicle Stops
247(5)
Low-Risk Vehicle Stops
247(2)
High-Risk Vehicle Stops
249(3)
High-Speed Driving and Pursuits
252(3)
Case Study--Errors Cause Death of Innocent Man
255(1)
Administrative Duties
256(1)
The Police and the News Media
256(1)
Questioning Traditional Patrol Operations
257(3)
Preventive Patrol
257(1)
Officer Safety and Productivity
258(1)
Domestic Disturbances
259(1)
Role of Uniformed Police in Follow-Up Investigations
259(1)
Reducing Fear of Crime
259(1)
Rapid Response
259(1)
Summary
260(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
260(1)
Legal Aspects of Policing
261(29)
Learning Objectives
261(1)
Key Terms
261(1)
Introduction
262(1)
Case Study--The USA PATRIOT Act
263(1)
The Bill of Rights
264(3)
Types of Evidence
267(1)
Ways of Presenting Evidence
268(1)
Witness Testimony
269(1)
Witness Competency and Credibility
270(1)
Documentary Evidence
270(1)
Physical Evidence
271(1)
Examples of Physical Evidence
271(1)
Introduction of Physical Evidence
271(1)
Testimonial Privileges and Privileged Communications
272(2)
Testimonial Privileges
272(1)
Confidential Communications Privileges
273(1)
Hearsay Evidence
274(1)
Search and Seizure
275(8)
Methods of Identification
283(1)
Miranda and Admissions/Confessions
284(2)
Case Study--Legal Research and Writing
286(2)
Summary
288(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
288(2)
Policing: Special Situations
290(29)
Learning Objectives
290(1)
Key Terms
290(1)
Introduction
291(1)
Case Study--Teenage Gangsters
291(1)
Lost and Missing Persons
292(1)
Mentally Imbalanced and Intoxicated Persons
293(1)
Dealing with the Mentally Imbalanced
293(1)
Intoxicated Persons
294(1)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
294(1)
Emergency Medical Response
295(1)
Suicides
296(1)
Dealing with Juveniles
297(3)
Juvenile Gangs
297(2)
Juvenile Crime
299(1)
Police Procedures
299(1)
Elder Abuse
300(1)
Animal Control
301(1)
Aircraft Accidents
302(1)
Fires
302(2)
Environmental Misfortune
304(1)
Natural Disasters
305(1)
Dispute Resolution
306(1)
Civil Disturbances
307(2)
Pre-Incident Considerations
307(1)
Civil Disorder Management
308(1)
Bombs, Bomb Threats, Terrorism, and Weapons of Mass Destruction
309(4)
Bombs and Bomb Threats
310
Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction
31(282)
Disaster Planning and Response
313(1)
Disaster Planning
313(1)
Disaster Response
314(1)
Hostage Situations
314(1)
Barricaded Subjects
315(1)
Case Study--The Militarization of Law Enforcement
316(1)
SWAT Operations
316(1)
Summary
317(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
318(1)
Investigations
319(33)
Learning Objectives
319(1)
Key Terms
319(1)
Introduction
320(1)
Case Study--Law Enforcement Databases
321(1)
Sources of Information
321(2)
Victim and Witness Interviews
323(1)
Computerized Databases
324(5)
Preliminary Investigations
329(1)
Collision Investigations
330(1)
Criminal Investigations
331(1)
Crime Scene Processing
332(7)
Crime Scene Reconstruction
333(1)
The Crime Scene Search
333(1)
Investigative Photography
334(2)
Crime Scene Sketches
336(2)
Collection and Preservation of Evidence
338(1)
Role of Forensic Science
339(2)
Surveillance and Undercover Assignments
341(1)
Criminal Profiling
342(1)
Investigation of Specific Offenses
343(5)
Burglary Investigation
343(1)
Assault Investigation
343(1)
Crimes Against Children
344(1)
Homicide Investigation
344(1)
Vehicle Theft Investigation
345(1)
Economic Crime Investigation
345(2)
Computer Crime Investigation
347(1)
Case Study--Preventing Cybercrime
348(2)
Summary
350(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
350(2)
The Courts and the Judicial Process
352(30)
Learning Objectives
352(1)
Key Terms
353(1)
Introduction
353(1)
Case Preparation
353(1)
Case Study--Is Justice Blind?
354(1)
The Courts
355(20)
An Adversarial System
355(1)
Court Systems and Structure
356(2)
The Federal Courts
358(2)
State and Local Courts
360(2)
Specialty Courts
362(1)
Juries
363(1)
Courtroom Participants
364(2)
Standards of Proof
366(1)
The Pretrial Process
367(3)
The Trial Process
370(2)
Posttrial Processes
372(1)
Sentencing
373(2)
Case Study--``Three Strikes and You Are Out''
375(1)
Juvenile Justice Procedure
375(1)
The Courts' Impact on Law Enforcement
376(1)
Courtroom Presentation
377(3)
Attitude
377(1)
Appearance
377(2)
Demeanor
379(1)
Testimonial Technique
379(1)
Summary
380(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
381(1)
Corrections
382(23)
Learning Objectives
382(1)
Key Terms
382(1)
Introduction
383(1)
Case Study--What Works?
383(1)
The Correctional Process
383(1)
History of Corrections
384(1)
Early Punishments
384(1)
American Approaches
385(1)
Philosophies in Corrections
385(1)
Noninstitutional Corrections
386(3)
Diversion Programs
387(1)
Probation
387(1)
Parole
388(1)
Other Noninstitutional Programs
389(1)
Institutional Corrections
389(6)
Jails
389(2)
Prisons
391(3)
Problems with Prisons
394(1)
Capital Punishment
395(2)
Issues in Corrections
397(6)
Accreditation of Corrections Programs
397(1)
Correctional Officer Selection and Training
398(1)
Juvenile Corrections
399(1)
The Death Penalty
400(1)
The Incarceration of Women
401(1)
Prisoner Rights
401(1)
Privatization of Corrections
402(1)
Corrections: What Works?
402(1)
Case Study--DNA Frees the Innocent?
403(1)
Summary
403(1)
Discussion Questions and Exercises
404(1)
Appendix A Declaration of Independence 405(2)
Appendix B Constitution of the United States 407(2)
Appendix C Correlation of California, New York, and Texas Basic Police Academy Subjects with Introduction of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Second Edition 409(6)
References 415(26)
Index 441

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