Major League Winners : Using Sports and Cultural Centers as Tools for Economic Development

by Rosentraub; Mark S.

Edition: 1st

ISBN13: 9781439801598

ISBN10: 1439801592

Format: Hardcover

Pub. Date: 2009-07-28

Publisher(s): CRC Press

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Summary

In addition to researching how communities use sports and cultural centers to spur economic and social development, Mark Rosentraub has advised a number of major league cities involved with multi-million dollar projects. In this book, he examines approaches that municipalities take and how they relate to the success or failure of their projects. He discusses the economics of sports and cultural centers and provides case studies examining economic redevelopment in several cities. A third section discusses errors made in the development and execution of various plans. The book closes by showing how municipalities can successfully turn municipal subsidies into income producing investments.

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
The Author	p. xxi
Urban Change, a Loss of Centrality, and New Destinies for Downtowns	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The Era of Subsidies and Hope	p. 2
What Can New Facilities Do for a Region?	p. 3
Subsidies and Strategic Investments: The Difference Defined	p. 3
Sports, Entertainment, and Culture for Image, Attracting Human Capital, and Economic Development	p. 4
The Beginning of an End to the Need for Central Cities	p. 5
Population Change	p. 5
Rise, Decline, and Lessons Learned from Festival Marketplaces	p. 7
Indianpolis and a Civic Image Strategy	p. 8
Rise of Sports and Culture for Revitalization	p. 9
Why Should Cities Care about Sports, Entertainment, and Culture?	p. 10
Human Capital and Amenities	p. 12
Are Sports, Entertainment, and Culture a City's Fool's Gold?	p. 13
Sports, Entertainment, and Culture: The Trinity for Redevelopment	p. 16
Cities, Sports Facilities, and Subsidies	p. 16
Franchise Values and Changing the System	p. 20
Misplaced Revenues, Misplaced Values	p. 22
Goal and Organization of This Book	p. 24
Endnotes	p. 26
Teams, Cities, Elites, and the Real Value of "Big-Ticket"Amenities	p. 31
A General Framework for Investments in Big-Ticket Items	p. 31
The Value and Appropriateness of Big-Ticket Items	p. 35
A City's Image	p. 35
Amenities and the "Creative Class"	p. 36
Amenities or Neighborhood Development?	p. 38
Amenities, Human Capital, and Economic Development	p. 39
Supply of Amenities	p. 42
Importance of Amenities	p. 43
Organic Urban Change versus Planned Redevelopment	p. 44
Delayed Development or Stagnation?	p. 45
Growth Poles	p. 47
Business Leaders and Urban Redevelopment	p. 49
The Unbalanced Playing Field between Teams and Cities	p. 51
What are Teams Worth?	p. 51
Implications of the Leagues' Control of the Supply of Teams	p. 54
How Did the Leagues Amass Their Economic Power?	p. 56
Challenging the Leagues in Court, at the Statehouse, or in Congress	p. 58
Revitalization and Development as an Alternative to Subsidies	p. 60
Summary	p. 60
Endnotes	p. 61
Indianapolis as the Broker City	p. 65
The Indianapolis Plan: Goals, Objectives, and History	p. 65
Indianapolis, Sports, and Redevelopment: What Was Built, How Much Was Invested, and Whose Dollars Were Spent?	p. 69
What Was Built?	p. 70
Who Paid How Much for the New Downtown?	p. 72
Has Indianapolis Been Changed by the Sports and Downtown Redevelopment Strategy?	p. 75
Maintaining Downtown Indianapolis	p. 75
Regional Economic Changes and the Centrality of Downtown Indianapolis	p. 78
Image of Indianapolis: Intangible Benefits and the Journey from "Indiana-No-Place" to Super Bowl Host City	p. 87
Challenges on the Horizon: Subsidies and Revenues	p. 90
Indianapolis: The Broker City to Be a Major League Winner	p. 94
Endnotes	p. 96
Shared Risk, Shared Returns: San Diego's Unique Partnership for a Ballpark, Convention Center Hotel, and a New Downtown Neighborhood	p. 99
Introduction	p. 99
Fiscal Challenges for the Padres	p. 100
"Poisoned Environment" for Sports Subsidies	p. 100
The Padres and the "Need" for a New Ballpark	p. 101
Politics of San Diego's Sports World	p. 102
Task Force II and the Generation of Substantial Public Benefits	p. 107
Public Benefits and the Stigma of Subsidies	p. 107
Scorecard on the Ballpark District: What Was Built	p. 112
The Scorecard: Taxes Generated	p. 115
The Ballpark District: Development, Land Use, and the Best Use of Urban Land	p. 117
The Ballpark District and San Diego: Mutual Risk in a New Model for Public/Private Partnerships	p. 124
Endnotes	p. 128
A White Elephant, an Arena, and Revitalization: Using Location and the Glitz of L.A. LIVE to Rebuild a Downtown Area	p. 129
Introduction	p. 129
Thinking Outside the Box: Bringing the Lakers and Kings Downtown	p. 130
The Lakers, the Kings, and the "Fabulous Forum"	p. 131
The "Fabulous Forum" and Its Limitations	p. 132
Arena Economics and the Appeal of Downtown Los Angeles	p. 133
Downtown Los Angeles: Liabilities and Assets	p. 136
Sealing and Selling the Deal	p. 140
Los Angeles' Investment and Returns	p. 141
Were the Taxpayers Protected?	p. 144
Rebuilding Downtown: Housing	p. 146
Rebuilding Downtown Los Angeles: L.A. LIVE	p. 148
Rebuilding Downtown: Other Iconic Projects	p. 153
Conclusions	p. 154
Endnotes	p. 157
Columbus, Major League Sports, and a New Downtown Neighborhood: A Failed Initiative and a Privately Built Arena	p. 161
Introduction	p. 161
Fighting for a Toe Hold in Professional Sports	p. 163
Sports Leagues and Their Placement of Teams in Cincinnati and Cleveland	p. 164
An Effort to Make Columbus Home to a Major League Team	p. 165
A Privately Built Arena, Real Estate Development, and a Unique Public/Private Partnership	p. 166
The Arena District Plan	p. 167
Financing the Arena District	p. 168
Columbus' Arena District: An Early Assessment	p. 171
Columbus' Arena District: What Was Built	p. 176
Conclusions	p. 177
Endnotes	p. 182
Can a City Win When Losing? Cleveland and the Building of Sports, Cultural, and Entertainment Facilities in the Midst of Population Declines and Job Losses	p. 185
Introduction	p. 185
The Crisis of Confidence	p. 188
Racial Conflict and White Flight	p. 188
Economic Contraction and Fiscal Default	p. 190
Cleveland's "Hail Mary" Pass: Downtown Revitalization as Symbols of Confidence	p. 191
Playhouse Square and a Citizen-Driven Public/Private Partnership	p. 191
Public/Private Partnership Mayoralty of George Voinovich and the Reinvigoration of a Regime⁶	p. 192
Mayor Michael White and the Ballpark and Arena Proposal's Redux	p. 194
Large Subsidies and the Dispersion of Assets	p. 196
Results of Cleveland's "Hail Mary" Pass	p. 198
Private Investment Levels in Cleveland: Nonresidential Projects	p. 199
Private Investment in Residential Properties	p. 200
Tax Revenue Changes	p. 202
Job Retention and Employment Changes	p. 205
Extra Benefits from Building Amenities: Regional Cooperation	p. 207
Amending Cleveland's Major League Loser Status: New Leases	p. 208
Provision of Extraordinary Subsidies	p. 208
New Owners, New Possibilities	p. 210
New Leases for the Ballpark and Arena	p. 213
Business Leaders and Downtown and Community Development	p. 215
Conclusions	p. 217
Endnotes	p. 220
Stagnation, Crime, and Population Change: Reading's Volunteer Leadership Group and a Focus on Sports, Entertainment, the Arts, and Culture to Revitalize a Small City	p. 223
Introduction: Economic Change in a Small City	p. 223
Changes in a Small City: Economic and Racial Separation	p. 224
Reading in Brief	p. 224
Reading and Berks County Today	p. 226
Into the Breach: A Volunteer Leadership Group and Its Focus on Entertainment	p. 230
Reimaging Reading: From the Outlet Capital to a Mid-Atlantic Arts Center	p. 235
Reading's Leadership Group and Community Development	p. 238
Measures of Success	p. 239
Conclusions	p. 241
Endnotes	p. 243
Sports, Culture, Entertainment and Revitalization: Turning Subsidies into Strategic Investments	p. 245
Introduction	p. 245
Subsidies to Investments in the Aftermath of the Credit Crisis	p. 246
Value of Amenities for Economic Development and Revitalization	p. 248
Urban Tourism	p. 248
Lessons Learned: Similarities within Differences	p. 249
Lessons Learned: Advice for Other Cities Looking to Sports, Entertainment, and Cultural Amenities for Revitalization	p. 250
Recommendation 1: Value of Advertising	p. 250
Recommendation 2: Concentrate Amenities and Make Detailed Plans	p. 252
Recommendation 3: Build Neighborhoods or Iconic Architecture	p. 254
Recommendation 4: Link Private Sector Investments to a Commitment of Tax Money	p. 256
Recommendation 5: Organizations Needed to Succeed as a Broker City	p. 258
Recommendation 6: Prudent Risk-Taking for Confidence Building	p. 260
What Lesson Does This Offer?	p. 260
Recommendation 7: "Über-Plans" Unifying Public and Private Capital	p. 261
Recommendation 8: Constructively Involve Business Leaders in Downtown and Community Development	p. 262
Recommendation 9: Level the Negotiating Table	p. 264
Conclusion	p. 265
Endnotes	p. 266
References	p. 267
Index	p. 277
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Major League Winners : Using Sports and Cultural Centers as Tools for Economic Development

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