Principles of Quantum Computation and Information: Basic Concepts

by ; ;
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-10-01
Publisher(s): World Scientific Pub Co Inc
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Table of Contents

Preface vii
Introduction 1(8)
1. Introduction to Classical Computation 9(40)
1.1 The Turing machine
9(6)
1.1.1 Addition on a Turing machine
12(1)
1.1.2 The Church-Turing thesis
13(1)
1.1.3 The universal Turing machine
14(1)
1.1.4 The probabilistic Turing machine
14(1)
1.1.5 * The halting problem
15(1)
1.2 The circuit model of computation
15(9)
1.2.1 Binary arithmetics
17(1)
1.2.2 Elementary logic gates
17(5)
1.2.3 Universal classical computation
22(2)
1.3 Computational complexity
24(6)
1.3.1 Complexity classes
27(3)
1.3.2 * The Chernoff bound
30(1)
1.4 * Computing dynamical systems
30(5)
1.4.1 * Deterministic chaos
31(2)
1.4.2 * Algorithmic complexity
33(2)
1.5 Energy and information
35(6)
1.5.1 Maxwell's demon
35(2)
1.5.2 Landauer's principle
37(3)
1.5.3 Extracting work from information
40(1)
1.6 Reversible computation
41(6)
1.6.1 Toffoli and Fredkin gates
43(2)
1.6.2 * The billiard-ball computer
45(2)
1.7 A guide to the bibliography
47(2)
2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 49(50)
2.1 The Stern-Gerlach experiment
50(3)
2.2 Young's double-slit experiment
53(4)
2.3 Linear vector spaces
57(19)
2.4 The postulates of quantum mechanics
76(12)
2.5 The EPR paradox and Bell's inequalities
88(9)
2.6 A guide to the bibliography
97(2)
3. Quantum Computation 99(90)
3.1 The qubit
100(5)
3.1.1 The Bloch sphere
102(1)
3.1.2 Measuring the state of a qubit
103(2)
3.2 The circuit model of quantum computation
105(3)
3.3 Single-qubit gates
108(4)
3.3.1 Rotations of the Bloch sphere
110(2)
3.4 Controlled gates and entanglement generation
112(6)
3.4.1 The Bell basis
118(1)
3.5 Universal quantum gates
118(12)
3.5.1 * Preparation of the initial state
127(3)
3.6 Unitary errors
130(2)
3.7 Function evaluation
132(5)
3.8 The quantum adder
137(3)
3.9 Deutsch's algorithm
140(4)
3.9.1 The Deutsch-Jozsa problem
141(2)
3.9.2 * An extension of Deutsch's algorithm
143(1)
3.10 Quantum search
144(8)
3.10.1 Searching one item out of four
145(3)
3.10.2 Searching one item out of N
148(1)
3.10.3 Geometric visualization
149(3)
3.11 The quantum Fourier transform
152(3)
3.12 Quantum phase estimation
155(3)
3.13 * Finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors
158(3)
3.14 Period finding and Shor's algorithm
161(3)
3.15 Quantum computation of dynamical systems
164(14)
3.15.1 Quantum simulation of the Schrodinger equation
164(4)
3.15.2 * The quantum baker's map
168(2)
3.15.3 * The quantum sawtooth map
170(4)
3.15.4 * Quantum computation of dynamical localization
174(4)
3.16 First experimental implementations
178(7)
3.16.1 Elementary gates with spin qubits
179(2)
3.16.2 Overview of the first implementations
181(4)
3.17 A guide to the bibliography
185(4)
4. Quantum Communication 189(26)
4.1 Classical cryptography
189(5)
4.1.1 The Vernam cypher
190(1)
4.1.2 The public-key cryptosystem
191(1)
4.1.3 The RSA protocol
192(2)
4.2 The no-cloning theorem
194(4)
4.2.1 Faster-than-light transmission of information?
197(1)
4.3 Quantum cryptography
198(7)
4.3.1 The BB84 protocol
199(3)
4.3.2 The E91 protocol
202(3)
4.4 Dense coding
205(3)
4.5 Quantum teleportation
208(5)
4.6 An overview of the experimental implementations
213(1)
4.7 A guide to the bibliography
214(1)
Appendix A Solutions to the exercises 215(26)
Bibliography 241(12)
Index 253

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