RF and Microwave Engineering Fundamentals of Wireless Communications

by Gustrau, Frank

Edition: 1st

ISBN13: 9781119951711

ISBN10: 1119951712

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2012-08-13

Publisher(s): Wiley

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Summary

This book discusses a wide range of RF topics with emphasis on physical aspects, including EM and voltage waves, transmission lines, passive circuits, antennas. New coverage includes the consistent use of modern RF tools such as RF circuit simulation, EM simulation, computerized smith chart in various examples that show how the methods can be applied productively in RF engineering practice. Examples that illustrate the theoretical parts are close to real world problems, so readers can directly use the methods in their own work context.

Author Biography

Prof. Frank Gustrau, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Germany
Frank Gustrau has worked as an RF engineer in academia and industry. In 2003 he became professor at the University of Applied Sciences and Art in Dortmund, Germany. Throughout his career Frank has supervised students in their project work, given lectures on different RF related topics and worked extensively with EM and RF circuit simulation tools.

Preface	p. xiii
List of Abbreviations	p. xv
List of Symbols	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
Radiofrequency and Microwave Applications	p. 1
Frequency Bands	p. 2
Physical Phenomena in the High Frequency Domain	p. 4
Electrically Short Transmission Line	p. 4
Transmission Line with Length Greater than One-Tenth of Wavelength	p. 6
Radiation and Antennas	p. 7
Outline of the Following Chapters	p. 8
References	p. 9
Electromagnetic Fields and Waves	p. 11
Electric and Magnetic Fields	p. 11
Electrostatic Fields	p. 11
Steady Electric Current and Magnetic Fields	p. 18
Differential Vector Operations	p. 23
Maxwell's Equations	p. 24
Differential Form in the Time Domain	p. 25
Differential Form for Harmonic Time Dependence	p. 26
Integral Form	p. 27
Constitutive Relations and Material Properties	p. 29
Interface Conditions	p. 32
Classification of Electromagnetic Problems	p. 34
Static Fields	p. 34
Quasi-Static Fields	p. 34
Coupled Electromagnetic Fields	p. 35
Skin Effect	p. 36
Electromagnetic Waves	p. 39
Wave Equation and Plane Waves	p. 39
Polarization of Waves	p. 43
Reflection and Refraction	p. 46
Spherical Waves	p. 53
Summary	p. 55
Problems	p. 55
References	p. 57
Further Reading	p. 57
Transmission Line Theory and Transient Signals on Lines	p. 59
Transmission Line Theory	p. 59
Equivalent Circuit of a Line Segment	p. 59
Telegrapher's Equation	p. 61
Voltage and Current Waves on Transmission Lines	p. 63
Load-Terminated Transmission Line	p. 67
Input Impedance	p. 69
Loss-less Transmission Lines	p. 71
Low-loss Transmission Lines	p. 74
Transmission Line with Different Terminations	p. 75
Impedance Transformation with Loss-less Lines	p. 83
Reflection Coefficient	p. 84
Smith Chart	p. 87
Transient Signals on Transmission Lines	p. 91
Step Function	p. 91
Rectangular Function	p. 101
Eye Diagram	p. 102
Summary	p. 104
Problems	p. 106
References	p. 107
Further Reading	p. 107
Transmission Lines and Waveguides	p. 109
Overview	p. 109
Coaxial Line	p. 112
Specific Inductance and Characteristic Impedance	p. 112
Attenuation of Low-loss Transmission Lines	p. 115
Technical Frequency Range	p. 117
Areas of Application	p. 119
Microstrip Line	p. 119
Characteristic Impedance and Effective Permittivity	p. 119
Dispersion and Technical Frequency Range	p. 123
Areas of Application	p. 124
Stripline	p. 124
Characteristic Impedance	p. 124
Technical Frequency Range	p. 125
Coplanar Line	p. 126
Characteristic Impedance and Effective Permittivity	p. 127
Coplanar Waveguide over Ground	p. 128
Coplanar Waveguides and Air Bridges	p. 129
Technical Frequency Range	p. 130
Areas of Application	p. 130
Rectangular Waveguide	p. 130
Electromagnetic Waves between Electric Side Walls	p. 131
Dominant Mode (TE10)	p. 135
Higher Order Modes	p. 138
Areas of Application	p. 139
Excitation of Waveguide Modes	p. 140
Cavity Resonators	p. 141
Circular Waveguide	p. 143
Two-Wire Line	p. 147
Characteristic Impedance	p. 148
Areas of Application	p. 148
Three-Conductor Transmission Line	p. 149
Even and Odd Modes	p. 149
Characteristic Impedances and Propagation Constants	p. 152
Line Termination for Even and Odd Modes	p. 154
Problems	p. 154
References	p. 155
Scattering Parameters	p. 157
Multi-Port Network Representations	p. 157
Normalized Power Waves	p. 159
Scattering Parameters and Power	p. 161
S-Parameter Representation of Network Properties	p. 164
Matching	p. 164
Complex Conjugate Matching	p. 165
Reciprocity	p. 167
Symmetry	p. 168
Passive and Loss-less Circuits	p. 168
Unilateral Circuits	p. 169
Specific Characteristics of Three-Port Networks	p. 169
Calculation of S-Parameters	p. 170
Reflection Coefficients	p. 170
Transmission Coefficients	p. 170
Renormalization	p. 173
Signal Flow Method	p. 175
One-Port Network/Load Termination	p. 176
Source	p. 176
Two-Port Network	p. 176
Three-Port Network	p. 177
Four-Port Network	p. 178
S-Parameter Measurement	p. 181
Problems	p. 184
References	p. 186
Further Reading	p. 186
RF Components and Circuits	p. 187
Equivalent Circuits of Concentrated Passive Components	p. 187
Resistor	p. 187
Capacitor	p. 189
Inductor	p. 191
Transmission Line Resonator	p. 192
Half-Wave Resonator	p. 193
Quarter-Wave Resonator	p. 194
Impedance Matching	p. 196
LC-Networks	p. 196
Matching Using Distributed Elements	p. 199
Filter	p. 203
Classical LC-Filter Design	p. 203
Butterworth Filter	p. 205
Transmission Line Filter	p. 211
Edge-Coupled Line Filter	p. 212
Hairpin Filter	p. 212
Stepped Impedance Filter	p. 218
Parasitic Box Resonance	p. 219
Waveguide Filter	p. 220
Circulator	p. 222
Power Divider	p. 223
Wilkinson Power Divider	p. 223
Unequal Split Power Divider	p. 224
Branchline Coupler	p. 227
Conventional 3 dB Coupler	p. 227
Unequal Split Branchline Coupler	p. 229
Rat Race Coupler	p. 231
Directional Coupler	p. 231
Balanced-to-Unbalanced Circuits	p. 234
Electronic Circuits	p. 236
Mixers	p. 238
Amplifiers and Oscillators	p. 240
RF Design Software	p. 242
RF Circuit Simulators	p. 242
Problems	p. 246
References	p. 247
Further Reading	p. 248
Antennas	p. 249
Fundamental Parameters	p. 249
Nearfield and Farfield	p. 249
Isotropic Radiator	p. 252
Radiation Pattern and Related Parameters	p. 252
Impedance Matching and Bandwidth	p. 257
Standard Types of Antennas	p. 259
Mathematical Treatment of the Hertzian Dipole	p. 262
Wire Antennas	p. 266
Half-Wave Dipole	p. 266
Monopole	p. 268
Concepts for Reducing Antenna Height	p. 270
Planar Antennas	p. 271
Rectangular Patch Antenna	p. 272
Circularly Polarizing Patch Antennas	p. 278
Planar Dipole and Inverted-F Antenna	p. 280
Antenna Arrays	p. 280
Single Element Radiation Pattern and Array Factor	p. 280
Phased Array Antennas	p. 285
Beam Forming	p. 290
Modern Antenna Concepts	p. 293
Problems	p. 293
References	p. 294
Further Reading	p. 294
Radio Wave Propagation	p. 295
Propagation Mechanisms	p. 295
Reflection and Refraction	p. 295
Absorption	p. 296
Diffraction	p. 296
Scattering	p. 298
Doppler Effect	p. 300
Basic Propagation Models	p. 302
Free Space Loss	p. 302
Attenuation of Air	p. 305
Plane Earth Loss	p. 305
Point-to-Point Radio Links	p. 310
Layered Media	p. 312
Path Loss Models	p. 314
Multipath Environment	p. 314
Clutter Factor Model	p. 317
Okumura-Hata Model	p. 317
Physical Models and Numerical Methods	p. 319
Problems	p. 321
References	p. 321
Further Reading	p. 322
	p. 323
Coordinate Systems	p. 323
Cartesian Coordinate System	p. 323
Cylindrical Coordinate System	p. 324
Spherical Coordinate System	p. 325
Logarithmic Representation	p. 326
Dimensionless Quantities	p. 326
Relative and Absolute Ratios	p. 327
Link Budget	p. 328
Index	p. 331
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