Snakes of North America : Eastern and Central Regions,9780877193074

Snakes of North America : Eastern and Central Regions

by ; ; ; ;
ISBN13: 9780877193074
ISBN10: 087719307X
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1999-11-01
Publisher(s): Natl Book Network
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Summary

Identifies over two hundred species of snakes in the region

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments xvi xvi(8)
Preface xxiv xxiv
Introduction 1(3)
A Brief History of Snakes 4(1)
Early Development 4(3)
Physiology and Locomotion 7(2)
Physiology and Diet 9(1)
Catching and Consuming Prey 10(4)
Venom and Envenomation 14(13)
Scalation 27(2)
TYPHLOPIDAE 29(2)
Blind Snakes 29(2)
1 Brahminy Blind Snake, Ramphotyphlops braminus
29(2)
LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE 31(4)
2 Plains Blind Snake, Leptotyphlops dulcis dulcis
31(1)
3 New Mexico Blind Snake, Leptotyphlops dulcis dissectus
32(2)
4 Trans-Pecos Blind Snake, Leptotyphlops humilis segregus
34(1)
COLUBRIDAE 35(434)
Small Burrowing Snakes 35(16)
5 Southeastern Crowned Snake, Tantilla coronata
36(1)
6 Peninsula Crowned Snake, Tantilla relicta relicta
37(1)
7 Central Florida Crowned Snake, Tantilla relicta neilli
38(1)
8 Coastal Dunes Crowned Snake, Tantilla relicta pamlica
39(2)
9 Rim Rock Crowned Snake, Tantilla oolitica
41(1)
10 Flat-headed Snake, Tantilla gracilis
42(2)
11 Plains Black-headed Snake, Tantilla nigriceps
44(1)
12 Southwestern Black-headed Snake, Tantilla hobartsmithi
45(2)
13 Mexican Black-headed Snake, Tantilla atriceps
47(1)
14 Black-hooded Snake, Tantilla rubra cucullata
48(3)
Red-bellied and Brown Snakes 51(13)
15 Northern Red-bellied Snake, Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata
51(2)
16 Florida Red-bellied Snake, Storeria occipitomaculata obscura
53(1)
17 Black Hills Red-bellied Snake, Storeria occipitomaculata pahasapae
54(2)
18 Northern Brown Snake, Storeria dekayi dekayi
56(2)
19 Florida Brown Snake, Storeria dekayi victa
58(1)
20 Midland Brown Snake, Storeria dekayi wrightorum
59(2)
21 Texas Brown Snake, Storeria dekayi texana
61(1)
22 Marsh Brown Snake, Storeria dekayi limnetes
62(2)
Earth Snakes 64(6)
23 Eastern Earth Snake, Virginia valeriae valeriae
64(1)
24 Mountain Earth Snake, Virginia valeriae pulchra
65(2)
25 Western Earth Snake, Virginia valeriae elegans
67(2)
26 Rough Earth Snake, Virginia striatula
69(1)
Ring-necked Snakes 70(9)
27 Southern Ring-necked Snake, Diadophis punctatus punctatus
71(1)
28 Northern Ring-necked Snake, Diadophis punctatus edwardsii
72(2)
29 Key Ring-necked Snake, Diadophis punctatus acricus
74(1)
30 Mississippi Ring-necked Snake, Diadophis punctatus stictogenys
75(1)
31 Prairie Ring-necked Snake, Diadophis punctatus arnyi
76(2)
32 Regal Ring-necked Snake, Diadophis punctatus regalis
78(1)
Ground Snake 79(2)
33 Ground Snake, Sonora semiannulata
80(1)
Worm Snakesm 81(4)
34 Eastern Worm Snake, Carphophis amoenus amoenus
82(1)
35 Midwestern Worm Snake, Carphophis amoenus helenae
83(1)
36 Western Worm Snake, Carphophis vermis
84(1)
Pine Woods Snake 85(3)
37 Pine Woods Snake, Rhadinaea flavilata
86(2)
Shor-tailed Snake 88(2)
38 Short-tailed Snake, Stilosoma extenuatum
88(2)
Lined, Garter, and Ribbon Snakes 90(36)
39 Lined Snake, Tropidoclonion lineatum
90(3)
40 Eastern Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis
93(1)
41 Maritime Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus
94(2)
42 Blue-striped Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis similis
96(1)
43 Chicago Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis semifasciatus
97(1)
44 Red-sided Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis
98(2)
45 Texas Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis annectens
100(1)
46 Short-headed Garter Snake, Thamnophis brachystoma
101(1)
47 Butler's Garter Snake, Thamnophis butleri
102(1)
48 Wandering Garter Snake, Thamnophis elegans vagrans
103(2)
49 Eastern Plains Garter Snake, Thamnophis radix radix
105(1)
50 Western Plains Garter Snake, Thamnophis radix haydenii
106(2)
51 Checkered Garter Snake, Thamnophis marcianus marcianus
108(2)
52 Western Black-necked Garter Snake, Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyrtopsis
110(2)
53 Eastern Black-necked Garter Snake, Thamnophis cyrtopsis ocellatus
112(2)
54 Eastern Ribbon Snake, Thamnophis sauritus sauritus
114(2)
55 Northern Ribbon Snake, Thamnophis sauritus septentrionalis
116(1)
56 Peninsula Ribbon Snake, Thamnophis sauritus sackenii
117(1)
57 Blue-striped Ribbon Snake, Thamnophis sauritus nitae
118(1)
58 Western Ribbon Snake, Thamnophis proximus proximus
119(2)
59 Red-striped Ribbon Snake, Thamnophis proximus rubrilineatus
121(2)
60 Gulf Coast Ribbon Snake, Thamnophis proximus orarius
123(1)
61 Arid Land Ribbon Snake, Thamnophis proximus diabolicus
124(2)
Aquatic Snakes 126(176)
62 Northern Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon
127(2)
63 Lake Erie Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon insularum
129(2)
64 Midland Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon pleuralis
131(2)
65 Carolina Water Snake, Nerodia sipedon williamengelsi
133(1)
66 Red-bellied Water Snake, Nerodia erythrogaster erythrogaster
134(2)
67 Copper-bellied Water Snake, Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta
136(1)
68 Yellow-bellied Water Snake, Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster
137(2)
69 Blotched Water Snake, Nerodia erythrogaster transversa
139(2)
70 Banded Water Snake, Nerodia fasciata fasciata
141(2)
71 Broad-banded Water Snake, Nerodia fasciata confluens
143(2)
72 Florida Water Snake, Nerodia fasciata pictiventris
145(2)
73 Gulf Salt Marsh Snake, Nerodia clarkii clarkii
147(1)
74 Atlantic Salt Marsh Snake, Nerodia clarkii taeniata
148(1)
75 Mangrove Salt Marsh Snake, Nerodia clarkii compressicauda
149(2)
76 Florida Green Water Snake, Nerodia floridana
151(1)
77 Mississippi Green Water Snake, Nerodia cyclopion
152(1)
78 Brown Water Snake, Nerodia taxispilota
153(2)
79 Diamond-backed Water Snake, Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer
155(3)
80 Brazos Water Snake, Nerodia harteri harteri
158(1)
81 Concho Water Snake, Nerodia harteri paucimaculata
159(2)
82 North Florida Swamp Snake, Seminatrix pygaea pygaea
161(1)
83 South Florida Swamp Snake, Seminatrix pygaea cyclas
162(1)
84 Carolina Swamp Snake, Seminatrix pygaea paludis
163(2)
Crayfish and Queen Snakes 165(128)
85 Striped Crayfish Snake, Regina alleni
165(1)
86 Glossy Crayfish Snake, Regina rigida rigida
166(1)
87 Delta Crayfish Snake, Regina rigida deltae
167(1)
88 Gulf Crayfish Snake, Regina rigida sinicola
168(2)
89 Queen Snake, Regina septemvittata
170(1)
90 Graham's Crayfish Snake, Regina grahamii
171(122)
Mud and Rainbow Snakes 293(7)
91 Eastern Mud Snake, Farancia abacura abacura
293(2)
92 Western Mud Snake, Farancia abacura reinwardtii
295(2)
93 Rainbow Snake, Farancia erytrogramma erytrogramma
297(2)
94 South Florida Rainbow Snake, Farancia erytrogramma seminola
299(1)
Kirtland's Snake 300(2)
95 Kirtland's Snake, Clonophis kirtlandii
301(1)
Patch-nosed Snakes 302(5)
96 Mountain Patch-nosed Snake, Salvadora grahamiae grahamiae
303(1)
97 Texas Patch-nosed Snake, Salvadora grahamiae lineata
304(2)
98 Big Bend Patch-nosed Snake, Salvadora deserticola
306(1)
Green Snakes 307(5)
99 Smooth Green Snake, Liochlorophis vernalis
308(2)
100 Rough Green Snake, Opheodrys aestivus
310(2)
Whipsnakes, Racers, and Indigo Snakes 312(35)
101 Eastern Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum flagellum
313(2)
102 Western Coachwhip, Masticophis flagellum testaceus
315(2)
103 Desert Striped Whipsnake, Masticophis taeniatus taeniatus
317(2)
104 Central Texas Whipsnake, Masticophis taeniatus girardi
319(1)
105 Schott's Whipsnake, Masticophis schotti
320(2)
106 Ruthven's Whipsnake, Masticophis ruthveni
322(2)
107 Northern Black Racer, Coluber constrictor constrictor
324(2)
108 Southern Black Racer, Coluber constrictor priapus
326(2)
109 Blue Racer, Coluber constrictor foxii
328(1)
110 Everglades Racer, Coluber constrictor paludicola
329(1)
111 Brown-chinned Racer, Coluber constrictor helvigularis
330(1)
112 Black-masked Racer, Coluber constrictor latrunculus
331(1)
113 Buttermilk Racer, Coluber constrictor anthicus
332(2)
114 Tan Racer, Coluber constrictor etheridgei
334(1)
115 Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer, Coluber constrictor flaviventris
335(2)
116 Mexican Racer, Coluber constrictor oaxaca
337(3)
117 Eastern Indigo Snake, Drymarchon corais couperi
340(3)
118 Texas Indigo Snake, Drymarchon corais erebennus
343(2)
119 Central American Speckled Racer, Drymobius margaritiferus margaritiferus
345(2)
Brown-blotched Terrestrial Snakes 347(61)
Hog-nosed Snakes 347(12)
120 Eastern Hog-nosed Snake, Heterodon platirhinos
348(3)
121 Southern Hog-nosed Snake, Heterodon simus
351(2)
122 Plains Hog-nosed Snake, Heterodon nasicus nasicus
353(2)
123 Dusty Hog-nosed Snake, Heterodon nasicus gloydi
355(2)
124 Mexican Hog-nosed Snake, Heterodon nasicus kennerlyi
357(2)
Pine Snakes, Gopher Snakes, and Bullsnakes 359(14)
125 Northern Pine Snake, Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus
360(3)
126 Florida Pine Snake, Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus
363(1)
127 Black Pine Snake, Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi
364(2)
128 Louisiana Pine Snake, Pituophis ruthveni
366(3)
129 Bullsnake, Pituophis catenifer sayi
369(2)
130 Sonoran Gopher Snake, Pituophis catenifer affinis
371(2)
Glossy Snakes 373(5)
131 Kansas Glossy Snake, Arizona elegans elegans
374(1)
132 Texas Glossy Snake, Arizona elegans arenicola
375(2)
133 Painted Desert Glossy Snake, Arizona elegans philipi
377(1)
Rat and Fox Snakes 378(26)
134 Black Rat Snake, Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta
379(4)
135 Yellow Rat Snake, Elaphe obsoleta quadrivittata
383(2)
136 Everglades Rat Snake, Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni
385(1)
137 Gray Rat Snake, Elaphe obsoleta spiloides
386(2)
138 Texas Rat Snake, Elaphe obsoleta lindheimerii
388(2)
139 Baird's Rat Snake, Elaphe bairdi
390(2)
140 Corn Snake, Elaphe guttata guttata
392(2)
141 Great Plains Rat Snake, Elaphe guttata emoryi
394(3)
142 Eastern Fox Snake, Elaphe gloydi
397(2)
143 Western Fox Snake, Elaphe vulpina
399(2)
144 Trans-Pecos Rat Snake, Bogertophis subocularis
401(3)
Hook-nosed Snakes 404(4)
145 Mexican Hook-nosed Snake, Ficimia streckeri
404(3)
146 Western Hook-nosed Snake, Gyalopion canum
407(1)
Kingsnakes, Milk and Scarlet Snakes 408(49)
147 Prairie Kingsnake, Lampropeltis calligaster calligaster
409(2)
148 Mole Kingsnake, Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata
411(1)
149 South Florida Mole Kingsnake, Lampropeltis calligaster occipitolineata
412(1)
Pale-speckled Kingsnakes 413(12)
150 Eastern Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula getula
413(3)
151 Florida Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula floridana
416(3)
152 Black Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula nigra
419(2)
153 Speckled Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula holbrooki
421(2)
154 Desert Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula splendida
423(2)
Red- and Black-banded Snakes 425(32)
155 Eastern Milk Snake, Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum
425(4)
156 Scarlet Kingsnake, Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides
429(3)
157 Red Milk Snake, Lampropeltis triangulum syspila
432(2)
158 Louisiana Milk Snake, Lampropeltis triangulum amaura
434(2)
159 Mexican Milk Snake, Lampropeltis triangulum annulata
436(2)
160 New Mexico Milk Snake, Lampropeltis triangulum celaenops
438(2)
161 Central Plains Milk Snake, Lampropeltis triangulum gentilis
440(2)
162 Pale Milk Snake, Lampropeltis triangulum multistrata
442(2)
163 Gray-banded Kingsnake, Lampropeltis alterna
444(4)
164 Florida Scarlet Snake, Cemophora coccinea coccinea
448(2)
165 Northern Scarlet Snake, Cemophora coccinea copei
450(2)
166 Texas Scarlet Snake, Cemophora coccinea lineri
452(3)
167 Texas Long-nosed Snake, Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus
455(2)
Mildly Venomous Rear-fanged Snakes 457(12)
168 Texas Night Snake, Hypsiglena torquata jani
457(3)
169 Northern Cat-eyed Snake, Leptodeira septentrionalis septentrionalis
460(2)
170 Black-striped Snake, Coniophanes imperialis imperialis
462(4)
171 Texas Lyre Snake, Trimorphodon biscutatus vilkinsonii
466(3)
ELAPIDAE 469(8)
Coral Snakes 469(8)
172 Eastern Coral Snake, Micrurus fulvius fulvius
470(3)
173 Texas Coral Snake, Micrurus fulvius tener
473(4)
VIPERIDAE 477(63)
Copperheads and Moccasins 477(21)
174 Southern Copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix
478(3)
175 Northern Copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen
481(3)
176 Osage Copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster
484(2)
177 Broad-banded Copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus
486(2)
178 Trans-Pecos Copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster
488(2)
179 Eastern Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus
490(1)
180 Florida Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti
491(3)
181 Western Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma
494(4)
Rattlesnakes and Massasaugas 498(42)
182 Carolina Pygmy Rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarius miliarius
499(2)
183 Dusky Pygmy Rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarius barbouri
501(2)
184 Western Pygmy Rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarius streckeri
503(2)
185 Eastern Massasauga, Sistrurus catenatus catenatus
505(2)
186 Western Massasauga, Sistrurus catenatus tergeminus
507(3)
187 Desert Massasauga, Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii
510(2)
188 Timber Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus horridus
512(4)
189 Canebrake Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus atricaudatus
516(4)
190 Eastern Diamond-backed Rattlesnake, Crotalus adamanteus
520(4)
191 Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox
524(4)
192 Northern Black-tailed Rattlesnake Crotalus molossus molossus
528(1)
193 Prairie Rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis viridis
529(3)
194 Mojave Rattlesnake, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus
532(3)
195 Mottled Rock Rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus lepidus
535(3)
196 Banded Rock Rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus klauberi
538(2)
Glossary 540(8)
Bibliography 548(30)
Index 578(10)
About the Authors 588

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